Krasimir Stoyanov1, Galina Bezinska2, Ruslana Ivanova-Dobreva3
1Associate Professor, 2Chief Assistant Professor, 3BA Student
1,2,3 Department of Geography, Ecology and Environmental Protection
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
ORCID ID’s: 10000-0003-3920-2497, 20000-0002-7111-4692
Corresponding Author: Krasimir Stoyanov, E-mail: krasi_sto@swu.bg
https://doi.org/10.63711/ijdr.net20250307
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ABSTRACT
This study examines the interplay between climate change and fine particulate matter (PM₁₀) pollution in Plovdiv, the second-largest urban and industrial centre in Bulgaria. Long-term climate data spanning 1976–2024, together with contemporary air quality records from the Kamenitsa and Trakia automatic monitoring stations for the period 2015–2024, were analysed. The results indicate a marked increase in annual mean temperature of approximately 1.5–2°C over the past five decades, accompanied by greater variability in precipitation, manifested through alternating droughts and short but intense rainfall events. PM₁₀ pollution persists as a major environmental challenge, with peak concentrations occurring during the winter months, primarily due to domestic solid-fuel heating and frequent temperature inversions. Exceedances of the EU and WHO daily limit value of 50 μg/m³ are widespread. A strong correlation was observed between meteorological conditions and PM₁₀ dynamics: calm conditions and inversions facilitate particle accumulation, whereas precipitation and stronger winds exert a cleansing effect. The study underscores the need for improved monitoring, restrictions on solid-fuel heating, and the adoption of sustainable urban policies to reduce environmental and public health risks.
Keywords: Climate change, Plovdiv, Fine particulate matter (PM₁₀), Air pollution, Sustainable development
