Valentin Shlyakov
PhD Student
Department of Geography, Ecology and Environmental Protection
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-7414-7825 E-mail: shlyakov@swu.bg
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https://doi.org/10.63711/ijdr.net20250306
ABSTRACT
This article critically examines the role of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy
(CAP) in shaping the development trajectory of rural areas in Bulgaria. Emphasis is placed on
the evolution of CAP measures, their economic, social, and environmental impacts, and their
contribution to the structural transformation of Bulgarian agriculture since EU accession. The
analysis explores key policy instruments under Pillar I (direct payments) and Pillar II (rural
development programmes), with a focus on modernization, competitiveness, sustainability, and
demographic resilience. Drawing on strategic policy documents, statistical data, and
comparative assessments, the study evaluates the extent to which CAP interventions have
supported income stability, stimulated employment, enhanced biodiversity protection, and
improved infrastructure in rural regions. Findings indicate that EU support has significantly
increased farm productivity, diversified local economies, and strengthened environmental
practices, although persistent structural challenges, such as land fragmentation, unequal
distribution of subsidies, and demographic decline, continue to limit the full realization of rural
development objectives. The article concludes by highlighting policy priorities and strategic
directions for the post-2027 programming period, including digital transformation, targeted
support for small and medium-sized farms, and stronger integration with cohesion and Green
Deal policies.
Keywords: European Union (EU), Agricultural sector, Rural areas, Sustainable development;
Competitiveness; Organic farming
